In sleep laboratory, overnight polysomnography (PSG) is the standard method to confirm the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea. However, PSG is very expensive, time-consuming, inaccessible, and labor-intensive. Recently, in order to overcome the disadvantages of standard PSG, portable sleep monitoring device has been introduced as an alternative to standard PSG in selected patients. The purpose of this article is to define the differential characteristics of polysomnography indexes and to introduce the clinical efficacy of portable sleep monitoring devices.