Perceived sleep quality is associated with depression in a Korean elderly population.

Abstract

Our study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived sleep quality and

depression using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Cole's model to

materialize the concept of perceived sleep quality in the non-cognitively

impaired elderly. Older adults aged 60+ were recruited from the baseline study of

Suwon Project (SP) between 2009 and 2011 (n=2040). Perceived sleep quality was

measured using the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-K),

and depression was accessed using the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression

Scale-Short Form (SGDS-K). We excluded the cognitively impaired elderly using the

Korean version-Mini Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE) score less than or equal

to 17. In multivariable adjusted logistic regression related to PSQI-K

components, poor perceived sleep quality, including poor subjective sleep quality

(Odds ratio (OR)=1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.01-1.61), longer sleep

latency (OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.13-1.55) and the frequent use of sleeping medication

(OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.10-1.53) were significantly associated with depression after

adjusting for age, sex, education, living status, current smoking and current

alcohol drinking, the number of comorbidity and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).

PSQI-K global score also had greater odds of reporting depression (OR=1.12, 95%

CI=1.07-1.16). These results suggested that poor perceived sleep quality was

associated with a greater level of depression in the elderly.