Effects of an individualised nutritional education and support programme on dietary habits, nutritional knowledge and nutritional status of older adults living alone

Abstract

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The effects of an individualised nutritional education and support programme on dietary habits, nutritional knowledge and nutritional status of 71 older adults living alone were examined. BACKGROUND: Although a regular dietary meal plan is recommended for improving nutritional status of older adults living alone, little research is done in this field in Korea. DESIGN: A pre- and post-test controlled quasi-experimental design was used at public health centres. METHODS: The intervention group participated in an intensive nutritional education and support programme once a week for 8 weeks with dietary menus provided by home visiting nurses/dieticians: control group received usual care. Dietary habits and nutritional knowledge were assessed using structured questionnaires: nutritional intake status was analysed using Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program 5.0. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 77.6 years, and 81.7% of the participants were women. At 8 weeks, there were significant interactions of group by time for dietary habits, nutritional knowledge and selected nutritional status of protein, iron and vitamins of B2 and C. Changes over time in the mean score of dietary habits and nutritional knowledge were significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control group. The percentages of normal nutrition intake of protein, iron and vitamins A and C in the intervention group were significantly higher than the control group at 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional education and support programme positively impacted dietary habits, nutritional knowledge and selected nutritional status in older adults living alone, and we highlight the need for community-based nutritional education and counselling programmes. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Older adults living alone in a community have relatively poor nutritional status and thus require tailored nutritional intervention according to objective nutritional analysis. It is necessary to link visiting nurses with dieticians in the community to manage effective nutritional programme continuously.