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Roles of FcγRIIb signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease

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dc.contributor.advisor박, 상면-
dc.contributor.author최, 유리-
dc.date.accessioned2019-12-24T06:30:35Z-
dc.date.available2019-12-24T06:30:35Z-
dc.date.issued2019-
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ajou.ac.kr/handle/201003/17882-
dc.description.abstractα-Synuclein (α-Syn) has been considered to be a key player of the pathogenesis of PD, and recent reports that prion-like propagation of misfolded α-syn released from neurons may play an important role in the progression of PD have led to increased attention to the studies elucidating the roles of extracellular α-syn in the CNS. Extracellular α-syn has also been reported to regulate microglial inflammatory response including phagocytosis. Here, I demonstrate that how α-syn fibrils inhibits microglial phagocytosis to take advantage of immune complexes-induced phagocytosis model. α-syn fibrils bound to FcγRIIB on microglia, inducing SHP-1 activation, further inhibiting microglial phagocytosis. Further, I show that FcγRIIB expressed in neurons functions as a receptor for α-syn fibrils and mediates cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn. SHP-1 /-2 and c-Src are activated downstream by α-syn fibrils through FcγRIIB and play an important role in cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn. Also, taking advantage of a newly developed co-culture system, I show that cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn induces intracellular Lewy body-like inclusion body formation and that the FcγRIIB/SHP-1/-2/c-src signaling pathway is involved in it. Therefore, the FcγRIIB-SHP-1/-2/c-src signaling pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for the progression of PD and an in vitro model system provides an efficient tool for further high throughput screening that can be used for developing a therapeutic intervention in PD.-
dc.description.abstract알파시누클레인은 파킨슨병 발병원인의 핵심 물질로서 간주되고 있으며, 최근 알파시누클레인이 프라이온과 유사하게 주변 신경세포로 전달이 된다는 새로운 가설이 대두되고 있다. 또한 세포밖에 존재하는 알파시누클레인이 미세아교세포의 섭식작용을 포함한 염증 반응을 조절한다는 보고가 있다. 이 논문에서는 알파시누클레인의 응집체가 세포밖에 존재할 때, 이것이 미세아교세포의 섭식작용을 억제하는 효과를 보이고, 이런 현상은 응집된 알파시누클레인이 FcγRIIB와 결합을 통해서 섭식작용의 억제효과를 불러일으키는 SHP-1의 활성화을 일으킴으로서 미세아교세포의 섭식작용을 억제한다는 것을 밝혀냈다. 또한 알파시누클레인이 주변 신경세포로 들어가는 메커니즘을 밝혔다. 미세아교세포에 존재하는 FcγRIIB가 신경세포에도 발현을 하고 있고, 미세아교세포에서 확인한 신호전달체계가 신경세포에서도 일어난다는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 FcγRIIB/SHP-1/-2/c-src 발현이 억제된 신경세포에서, 알파시누클레인이 주변 신경세포로 전달되는 현상이 감소 되는 것을 확인을 하였다. 더 나아가 신경세포에서의 Lewy body like inclusion 형성이 FcγRIIB/SHP-1/-2/c-src 신호를 통해서 일어난다는 것을 확인 하였다. 이로써 응집된 알파시누클레인이 프라이온 단백질처럼 세포에서 세포로 전달이 된다는 가설에 하나의 증거가 되고, 더 나아가 새로운 파킨슨병의 치료법을 개발에 도움이 될 것이다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsI. ITRODUCTION 1
THEME I. FCΓRIIB MEDIATES THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF Α-SYN FIBRILS ON MICROGLIA PHAGOCYTOSIS 1
THEME II. PRION-LIKE PROPAGATION OF Α-SYN IS REGULATED BY THE FCΓRIIB/SHP-1/-2/C-SRC SIGNALING PATHWAY IN NEURON 3
II. METERIALS AND METHODS 6
1. Reagent and antibody 6
2. Constructs 6
3. Purification of recombinant α-syn and preparation of α-syn fibrils 7
4. Thioflavin T Assay and Tranmission Electoron Microscopy (TEM) 8
5. Generation of stable cell lines 8
6. Cell culture 9
7. In vitro phagocytosis assay 10
8. Preparation of ICs (immune complex) 10
9. Preparation of Brain lysate 11
10. Western blot 11
11. Coimmunoprecipitation 12
12. Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR 12
13. In vitro cell to cell transmission assay using dual chamber 13
14. Coculture assay 13
15. Confocal microscopy 13
16. Statistical analysis 14
III. RESULTS 15
THEME I. FCΓRIIB MEDIATES THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF Α-SYN FIBRILS ON MICROGLIA PHAGOCYTOSIS 15
1. α-Syn fibrils inhibits microglial phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner. 15
2. Immune Complexes (ICs)-induced phagocytosis is also inhibited by α-syn fibrils. 19
3. α-Syn fibrils inhibits ICs-induced signaling pathway by SHP-1 activation. 22
4. SHP-1 is essential for the inhibition of microglial phagocytosis by α-syn fibrils. 25
5. α-Syn fibrils activates SHP-1 by interacting with FcγRIIB. 28
THEME II. PRION-LIKE PROPAGATION OF Α-SYN IS REGULATED BY THE FCΓRIIB/SHP-1/-2/C-SRC SIGNALING PATHWAY IN NEURON 34
6. α-Syn fibrils bind to human FcγRIIB 34
7. FcγRIIB downstream signaling is involved in cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn 37
8. α-Syn fibrils induce the phosphorylation of SHP-1 and SHP-2 by interacting with FcγRIIB 42
9. SHP-1/-2 expressed in neurons mediate cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn 48
10. FcγRIIB-SHP-1/2 Downstream Signaling Is Involved in Lipid Raft-Dependent Endocytosis 53
11. Development of an in vitro model system to quantify the formation of Lewy body-like inclusions by cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn 56
12. FcγRIIB-SHP-1/-2 signaling pathway mediates the formation of Lewy body-like inclusion induced by cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn fibrils 61
13. α-Syn fibrils induced c-src activity through FcγRIIB-SHP-1/2 pathway. 65
14. c-Src mediate cell-to-cell transmission of α-Syn. 68
15. c-Src mediates the formation of Lewy body-like inclusion induced by cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn fibrils 70
16. c-Src is also involved in the release of α-syn and degradation of α-syn through the autophagy. 73
IV. DISCUSSION 76
THEME I. FCΓRIIB MEDIATES THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF Α-SYN FIBRILS ON MICROGLIA PHAGOCYTOSIS 76
THEME II. PRION-LIKE PROPAGATION OF Α-SYN IS REGULATED BY THE FCΓRIIB/SHP-1/-2/C-SRC SIGNALING PATHWAY IN NEURON 77
V. CONCLUSION 83
REFERENCE 84
국문 요약 95
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dc.language.isoen-
dc.titleRoles of FcγRIIb signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease-
dc.title.alternative파킨슨병의 발병원인에서 FcγRIIB의 역할-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.identifier.urlhttp://dcoll.ajou.ac.kr:9080/dcollection/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000028551-
dc.subject.keywordα-Synuclein fibrils-
dc.subject.keywordPrion-like propagation-
dc.subject.keywordFcγRIIB-
dc.subject.keywordSHP-1-
dc.subject.keywordSHP-2-
dc.subject.keywordcSrc-
dc.subject.keywordMicroglia phagocytosis-
dc.subject.keywordNeuron-
dc.subject.keywordParkinson’s disease-
dc.subject.keyword응집된 알파시누클레인-
dc.subject.keyword파킨슨병-
dc.subject.keywordLewy body like inclusion-
dc.subject.keyword미세아교세포-
dc.subject.keyword신경세포-
dc.description.degreeDoctor-
dc.contributor.department대학원 의생명과학과-
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor최, 유리-
dc.date.awarded2019-
dc.type.localTheses-
dc.citation.date2019-
dc.embargo.liftdate9999-12-31-
dc.embargo.terms9999-12-31-
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