Effects of abstinence self-efficacy and social support on the risk of relapse among clients with alcohol use disorder

Abstract

This study is descriptive research aimed at examining the levels of abstinence self-efficacy, social support, and the risk of relapse among clients with alcohol use disorder and investigating the effects of abstinence self-efficacy and social support on the risk of relapse in such clients. From July 13, 2020, to August 28, 2020, using a questionnaire, data were collected from 131 patients with alcohol use disorder who were receiving outpatient treatment at an alcohol treatment hospital located in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, and 131 clients with alcohol use disorder who were participating in a treatment program at the Community Addition Management Center. A total of 122 questionnaires, excluding nine with incomplete information, were used for the final analysis. The data collected were analyzed with descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, a one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 25.0 program. The results of the present study are as follows. 1. The score for the risk of relapse among the participants was 4.35±1.29 points (out of 7 points), the score for abstinence self-efficacy among the participants was 1.54±0.88 points (out of 4 points), and the score for social support in the participants was 2.39±0.82 points (out of 5 points). 2. There was a statistically significant difference in the risk of relapse according to gender (t=-5.97, p<.001), cohabitation type (F=3.68, p=.014), occupation (t=-3.11, p=.002), education level (F=3.42, p=.020), and individuals’ average monthly income (F=7.65, p=.001). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference in the risk of relapse according to family history (t=4.49, p=<.001), current abstinence status (t=-2.24, p=.028), frequency of alcohol drinking (F=4.00, p=.004), and amount of alcohol drinking (F=6.35, p<.001). 3. The risk of relapse among the participants was significantly negatively correlated with abstinence self-efficacy (r=-.67, p<.001) and social support (r=-.62, p<.001), and there was a significantly positive correlation between abstinence self-efficacy and social support (r=.71, p<.001). 4. The factors significantly affecting the risk of relapse among the participants were in the order of abstinence self-efficacy (β=-.33, p<.001), social support (β=-.24, p=.007), family history (β=.20, p=) .007), amount of alcohol drinking (β=.16, p=.025), and gender (β=.15 p=.035), and the explanatory power of a regression equation for the risk of relapse was significant at 61.5% (F=14.51, p<.001).

본 연구는 알코올 사용 장애자의 금주 자기효능감, 사회적 지지, 재발 위험성 정도를 살펴보고 금주 자기효능감, 사회적 지지가 재발 위험성에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 시행된 서술적 조사연구이다. 자료수집은 2020년 7월 13일부터 8월 28일까지 경기도 소재 알코올 치료 전문병원 1개소에서 외래진료를 받고 있는 환자와 중독관리통합지원센터 1개소에서 치료 프로그램에 참여 중인 대상자 131명을 대상으로 설문조사가 이루어졌으며, 응답 내용이 불충분한 설문지 9부를 제외한 총 122명의 설문 응답을 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 25.0 program을 이용하여 기술통계, Independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s Correlation, 다중회귀분석에서 위계적인 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 대상자의 재발 위험성은 4.35±1.29점(7점 만점), 대상자의 금주 자기효능감은 1.54±0.88점(4점 만점), 대상자의 사회적 지지는 2.39±0.82점(5점 만점)으로 나타났다. 2. 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 재발 위험성은 성별(t=-5.97, p<.001), 가족 동거형태(F=3.68, p=.014), 직업(t=-3.11, p=.002), 학력(F=3.42, p=.020), 개인 월평균소득(F=7.65, p=.001)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 대상자의 음주관련 특성에 따른 재발 위험성은 가족력(t=4.49, p=<.001), 현재 단주여부(t=-2.24, p=.028), 음주빈도(F=4.00, p=.004), 1회 음주량(F=6.35, p<.001)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 3. 대상자의 재발 위험성은 금주 자기효능감(r=-.67, p<.001) 및 사회적 지지(r=-.62, p<.001)와 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였으며, 금주 자기효능감과 사회적 지지는 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=.71, p<.001). 4. 대상자의 재발 위험성에 영향을 미치는 요인은 금주 자기효능감(β=-.33, p<.001), 사회적 지지(β=-.24, p=.007), 가족력(β=.20, p=.007), 1회 음주량(β=.16, p=.025), 성별(β=.15 p=.035)순으로 나타났으며, 재발 위험성에 대한 회귀식의 설명력은 61.5%로 유의하였다(F=14.51, p<.001).