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Role of Cyclooxygenase Isoforms in Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Model

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dc.contributor.advisor백, 은주-
dc.contributor.author이, 우용-
dc.date.accessioned2011-04-14T02:05:32Z-
dc.date.available2011-04-14T02:05:32Z-
dc.date.issued2005-
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ajou.ac.kr/handle/201003/2291-
dc.description.abstractIn human, the neuropathic pain evoked by nerve injury includes severe mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia in the region where the nerve innervates. The mechanism of the development of neuropathic pain was not yet well known and the solution for it was not also elucidated. The ligation of L5 spinal nerve entering the dorsal root ganglia developed mechanical hyperalgesia within 1 day, and showed similar symptoms as in human with neuropathic pain. We investigated whether COX isoforms, rate-limiting enzymes that synthesize the prostaglandins, were involved in the pain behavior of spinal nerve-ligated rats. After ligation of left L5 spinal nerve in anesthetized rats, the foot withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimuli applied to the affected hind paw (mechanical thresholds) were decreased significantly indicating the development of mechanical hyperalgesia, and the mechanical hyperalgesia lasted for 5 weeks. Nimesulide (5 mg/kg,), a selective COX-2 inhibitor intraperitoneally administered everyday alleviated significantly the mechanical hyperalgesia, however acetylsalicylic acid (5 mg/kg), a preferential COX-1 inhibitor did not significantly alleviate them. COX- isoforms mRNA and COX protein in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), entering sensory information into the spinal cord were significantly increased. The immunoreactivity of COX-2 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were also increased in the lesioned spinal nerve, which were closely correlated with neuropatic mechanical hyperalgesia. The data thus suggests that the COX isoforms in the nervous system might participate in the transmission of neuropathic pain. We also investigated the involvement of inflammatatory reaction in the development of neuropathic pain using neuritis models. The maintenance of neuritis-induced pain, which was milder and shorter than neuropathic pain, was not affected by nimesulide though nimesulide could subside transiently the pain. The TNFα immunoreactivity of the nerve with inflammation was significantly increased, whereas the COX-2 immunoreactivity was significantly changed in only 3 days after inflammation. The expression of COX-2 and TNFα in neuritis was little correlated with the neuritis-induced pain behavior. The results might suggest that the expression of TNFα and COX-2 in neuropathic pain is related not with inflammation, but with neuropathic pain mechanism. In conclusion, the COX-2 and TNFα in neuropathic states probably plays an important role in the early development and maintenance of mechanical hyperalgesia in neuropathic-specific condition beyond the inflammatory states.-
dc.description.abstract신경손상에 의해 발생하는 신경병증성 통증은 손상부위 영역에 기계적 자극에 대한 과민통을 비롯하여 일상생활에 지장을 초래하며 많은 고통을 초래한다. 이에 대한 진통효과를 나타낼 수 있는 약물의 개발이 되어 있지 않으며 이는 신경병증성 통증에 대한 기전이 확립되어 있지 않은 상태여서 그 해결책이 시급함에도 불구하고 많은 연구가 뒷받침 되어야 하는 실정이다. 이를 연구하는 실험모데로 흰쥐의 L5척수신경을 결찰하면 수일내에 그 신경이 지배하는 부위에 기계적과민통이 발생하면서 인간에게 나타나는 유사한 증상을 초래한다. 본 연구는 통증전달에 중요한 인자로 알려진 prostaglandin를 합성하는 효소인 cyclooxygenase isoform들이 이러한 척수신경손상에 따른 통증반응에서의 역할을 규명하고자 하였다. 실험동물은 흰쥐를 마취하고 왼쪽 L5 척수신경을 노출하여 척수신경절 근처에서 결찰한 후 발바닥에 기계적 자극을 가하여 통증으로 인한 withdrawal반응을 보이는 역치를 측정한 결과 그 역치가 현저히 감소하는 기계적 과민통 양상을 나타내었고 이는 5주이상 지속하였다. 선택적 COX-2 억제제인 nimesulide (5 mg/kg, i.p)을 매일 1회씩 투여한 결과 기계적 과민통이 현저히 감소됨을 알 수 있었던 반면, COX-1에 비교적 선택적인 억제제인 acetylsalicylic acid (5 mg/kg, i.p)는 그러한 기계적 과민통을 억제시키지 못하였다. 감각정보가 척수로 들어가는 척수신경절에서 COX isoforms mRNA와 단백질의 발현을 관찰한 결과 신경경과에 따라 이들 COX들이 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결찰된 쪽의 척수신경에서도 COX-2 단백질의 발현이 증가함을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 특히 이들 단백질의 발현정도가 기계적 자극의 역치 즉 과민통 지표와 상관관계가 있음을 나타내고 있었다. 이는 신경계의 COX isoform들이 말초신경 손상으로 발생되는 신경병증성 통증의 전달에 관여하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 말초신경 손상 부위에서 TNFα의 발현 역시 크게 증가하였으며 그 증가 정도는 신경손상후 기계적 과민통의 정도와 좋은 상관관계를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 신경에 염증을 유발시킨 신경염모델을 이용하여 신경병증성 통증발생과정에서의 염증반응의 역할을 실험하여 보았다. 신경염에 따른 기계적 과민성은 신경손상에 따른 통증에 비해 약하고 기간이 짧게 나타났다. COX-2 선택적 억제제인 nimesulide에 의해 일시적인 진통효과를 보였으나 통증의 발생과 진행에는 전혀 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 염증이 유발된 척수신경에서 대조군에 비해 TNFα의 발현이 증가된데 반해 COX-2 변화는 염증유발후 3일이내에서만 증가하였다. 그리고 이러한 척수신경손상 모델에서는 TNFα나 COX-2발현과 통증반응과의 상관관계와는 달리 염증모델에서는 그들의 상관 관계가 적었다. 아마도 신경병증성 통증모델에서의 손상신경조직에 나타나는 TNFα나 COX-2증가는 염증작용으로 나타난 효과라기 보다는 신경병증에 나타나는 만성적 통증의 발생과 유지에 중요한 의미가 있는 것을 보여주고 있다.-
dc.description.tableofcontents"TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT = ⅰ

TABLE OF CONTENTS = ⅲ

LIST OF FIGURES = ⅴ

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 1

Ⅱ. MATERIALS AND METHODS = 4

A. Experimental Animals = 4

B. Neuropathic pain model and neuritis pain model = 4

C. Behavioral testing = 5

D. Effect of COX inhibitors on mechanical hyperalgesia = 6

E. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) = 7

F. Immunostaining of the dorsal root ganglia and the spinal nerve = 8

G. Statistical Treatments = 9

Ⅲ. RESULTS = 10

A. Neuropathic pain model 10

1. Ligation of left L5 spinal nerve causes mechanical hyperalgesia in the affected hind paw = 10

2. Nimesulide, a COX-2 selective inhibitor alleviated neuropathic mechanical hyperalgesia, but not aspirin, a preferential COX-1 inhibitor = 12

3. Ligation of L5 spinal nerve increased expression of COX isoforms in the ipsilateral DRG and lesioned spinal nerve = 16

4. The mechanical hyperalgesia induced by neuropathy is related to the increased expression of TNFα in the lesioned nerve = 22

B. Neuritis model = 25

1. Inflammation of left L5 spinal nerve causes mechanical hyperalgesia in the affected hind paw = 25

2. Nimesulide did not alleviate the mechanical hyperalgesia in neuritis model = 26

3. FCA-induced nerve inflammation increased expression of COX isoforms in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the inflammed spinal nerve = 29

4.The mechanical hyperalgesia induced by neuritis is rather related to the increased expression of TNFα in inflamed nerve = 35

Ⅳ. DISCUSSION = 39

Ⅴ. CONCLUSION = 45

REFERENCES = 47

국문요약 = 53
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dc.description.tableofcontentsLIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 1. The time course of mechanical hyparalgesia in rats with L5 spinal nerve ligation = 11

Fig. 2. Effect of COX inhibitors on the maintenance of neuropathic pain = 14

Fig. 3. The immediate effect of COX inhibitors on neuropathic pain = 15

Fig. 4. Expression of COX isoforms mRNA in the DRG with spinal nerve ligation = 17

Fig. 5. Immunohistochemical photograph of COX-1 and COX-2 expression in spinal nerve-ligated DRG = 18

Fig. 6. Expression of COX-2 in lesioned spinal nerve = 20

Fig. 7. Correlation between COX-2 immunoreactivity and neuropathic pain behavior = 21

Fig. 8. Expression of TNFα in lesioned spinal nerve = 23

Fig. 9. Correlation of TNFa immunoreactivity and neuropathic pain behavior = 24

Fig.10. The time course of mechanical hyperalgesia in rats with neuritis = 25

Fig.11. Effect of nimesulide on the maintenance of inflammatory pain = 27

Fig.12. The immediate effect of nimesulide on inflammatory pain = 28

Fig.13. Expression of COX isoforms mRNA in the DRG with inflammation = 30

Fig.14. Expression of COX isoforms in L5 spinal nerve inflamed DRG (INF) = 31

Fig.15. Expression of COX-2 in lesioned or inflamed spinal nerve = 33

Fig.16. Correlation of COX-2 immunoreactivity and inflammatory pain behavior = 34

Fig.17. Expression of TNFα in lesioned and inflamed spinal nerve = 36

Fig.18. Correlation between TNFα immunoreactivity and pain behavior in the L5 spinal infalmmed model = 38

Fig.19. Correlation between TNFα immunoreactivity and COX-2 immunoreactivity of the spinal nerve in neuritis group = 38"
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dc.language.isoen-
dc.titleRole of Cyclooxygenase Isoforms in Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Model-
dc.title.alternative말초신경병증성 통증 모델에서의 cyclooxygenase isoforms의 역할-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.identifier.urlhttp://dcoll.ajou.ac.kr:9080/dcollection/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000000279-
dc.subject.keywordneuropathic pain-
dc.subject.keywordcyclooxygenase-
dc.subject.keywordprostaglandin-
dc.subject.keywordspinal nerve-
dc.subject.keyword신경병증 통증-
dc.subject.keyword척수신경-
dc.description.degreeDoctor-
dc.contributor.department대학원 의학과-
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor이, 우용-
dc.date.awarded2005-
dc.type.localTheses-
dc.citation.date2005-
dc.embargo.liftdate9999-12-31-
dc.embargo.terms9999-12-31-
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