Magnesium Sulfate and Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

Abstract

Perioperative cerebral hypoperfusion/ischemia is considered to play a pivotal role in the development of secondary traumatic brain injury (TBI). This prospective randomized, double-blind, controlled study investigated whether magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) infusion was associated with neuroprotection in maintaining regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) values in patients with mild TBI undergoing general anesthesia. Immediately after intubation, we randomly assigned patients with TBI to receive either intravenous MgSO(4) (30 mg/kg for 10 min, followed by a continuous infusion of 15 mg/kg/h) or a placebo (saline) during surgery. We also implemented an intervention protocol for a sudden desaturation exceeding 20% of the initial baseline rSO(2). The intraoperative rSO(2) values were similar with respect to the median (left. 67% vs. 66%, respectively; p = 0.654), lowest, and highest rSO(2) in both groups. The incidence (left 31.2% vs. 24.3%; p = 0.521) and duration (left 2.6% vs. 3.5%; p = 0.638) of cerebral desaturations (the relative decline in rSO(2) < 80% of the baseline value) were also similar for both groups. Although the patients suffered serious traumatic injuries, all critical desaturation events were restored (100%) following stringent adherence to the intervention protocol. Intraoperative remifentanil consumption, postoperative pain intensity, and fentanyl consumption at 6 h were lower in the MgSO(4) group (p = 0.024, 0.017, and 0.041, respectively) compared to the control group, whereas the satisfaction score was higher in the MgSO(4) group (p = 0.007). The rSO(2) did not respond to intraoperative MgSO(4) in mild TBI. Nevertheless, MgSO(4) helped the postoperative pain intensity, reduce the amount of intraoperative and postoperative analgesics administered, and heighten the satisfaction score.