Is fear of COVID-19 higher in individuals residing in more deprived areas? A nationwide study

Abstract

Background: This study investigated the association between various types of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related fear and the level of area deprivation in Korea. Methods: Different types of COVID-19-related fear were examined, namely fear of infection, fear of dying from infection, fear of public criticism, fear of a family member getting infected and fear of economic loss. The level of area deprivation was measured based on the Area Deprivation Index, which was calculated based on population census data. The association between various types of COVID-19-related fear and the level of area deprivation was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: This study included 199 859 individuals from the 253 administrative divisions in South Korea. Findings indicated that fear was most common in individuals residing in the most deprived areas, followed by those in the mediocre and least deprived areas (fear of infection: odds ratio (OR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.09; fear of dying from infection: OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.19-1.28; fear of public criticism: OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.15-1.24; fear of a family member getting infected: OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07-1.18). Conclusions: The findings suggest the need to monitor and account for area deprivation in managing the psychological health effects of the COVID-19 crisis.