Correlation Between Pain Intensity and Quality of Recovery After Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery for Lung Cancer Resection

Abstract

Purpose: The Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) questionnaire provides a multifaceted assessment of postoperative recovery, and the resulting score is recommended as an endpoint in clinical studies focused on postoperative pain. We aimed to investigate the correlation between the QoR-15 score and postoperative pain intensity in surgical patients. Patients and Methods: Adult patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for lung cancer resection and were enrolled in a prospective registry or in a previous prospective study were included in this study. Baseline and perioperative data, including the results of assessment using the Korean version of the QoR-15 (QoR-15K) questionnaire at 48 hours postoperatively, were collected from the database. Correlations between the QoR-15K total score, questionnaire dimensions, and postoperative pain intensity at 48 hours postoperatively were determined using the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ). Results: We analyzed a total of 137 eligible patients. Significant negative correlations were noted between the QoR-15K total score and pain intensity at rest (ρ = −0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.57 − −0.31, P < 0.001) and during coughing (ρ = −0.55, 95% CI: −0.65 − −0.42, P < 0.001) at 48 hours postoperatively. The pain dimension and pain intensity at 48 hours postoperatively showed significant correlations with physical comfort, emotional state, and physical independence dimensions. Multivariable logistic regression revealed a significant negative association between the pain score at 24 hours postoperatively and good or excellent postoperative recovery. Conclusion: The results support the impact of postoperative pain on the overall postoperative quality of recovery in patients who underwent VATS for lung cancer resection. Moreover, the QoR-15K score may be considered as a primary endpoint in clinical studies on postoperative pain control.