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Chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside Attenuates Platelet Activation Through Inhibiting MAPK and PKCε

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dc.contributor.advisor이, 수환-
dc.contributor.advisor정, 이숙-
dc.contributor.author서, 은지-
dc.date.accessioned2012-10-25T04:53:57Z-
dc.date.available2012-10-25T04:53:57Z-
dc.date.issued2012-
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ajou.ac.kr/handle/201003/7530-
dc.description.abstractPlatelets are key components of thrombosis and may also participate in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Hence, the inhibition of platelet aggregation is important for preventing the progression of arterial thrombosis. Rhubarb is a widely used traditional medicine and has been reported to elicit a number of biological effects including antiinflammatory and antiplatelet effects. In the present study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of anthraquinone derivative isolated from rhubarb on platelet activity. Of four anthraquinone derivatives isolated from rhubarb examined, chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside (CP-8-O-glc) was found to have the most potent inhibitory effect on collagen- and thrombininduced platelet aggregation. CP-8-O-glc-treated mice showed significantly prolonged bleeding times. Furthermore, CP-8-O-glc-glucoside was found to have a significant inhibitory effect on rat platelet aggregation ex vivo. In coagulation tests, CP-8-O-glcglucoside did not alter prothrombin time (PT), and it prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). However, CP-8-O-glc only inhibited platelet phosphatidylserine exposure, but not direct inhibition on intrinsic factors. To reveal the inhibition mechanism of CP-8-O-glc on platelet activation, we examined the effects of CP-8-O-glc on MAPKs, Akt, PKCε activation. ERK2, JNK1, Akt, and PKCε were significantly activated during collagen-induced aggregation, and the observation was inhibited by ERK inhibitor and CP-8-O-glc, which subsequently contributes to antiplatelet mechanism of CP-8-O-glc. On the other hand, the activation of p38 during collagen-induced aggregation was not inhibited by CP-8-O-glc. Taken together, these results suggest that the ERK2 is a major actor in collagen-induced platelet functional responses, acting as upstream of Akt, JNK1, and PKCε and that antiplatelet activity of CP-8-O-glc may involve an inhibition of ERK2 activation. This study demonstrates the antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects of CP-8-O-glc and its pivotal mechanisms, and suggests that this compound might be of therapeutic benefit for the prevention of platelet-related cardiovascular diseases.-
dc.description.abstract혈소판은 생리적인 지혈과정에서 중요한 요소이지만, 병리적인 혈전형성과정에도 참여함으로써 허혈성 심혈관 질환의 발생 및 예후에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 따라서 혈소판의 과활성을 통한 혈전형성 가능성을 낮추기 위해 항혈소판 제제가 다양하게 개발되고 있으며, 천연물 유래 항혈소판 제제를 개발하는 연구 또한 최근 활발히 진행되고 있다. 대황은 전통의학에서 널리 사용되는 약재로서, 항혈소판 효능을 포함해 여러 생리활성 효과가 보고되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 대황의 주요활성성분인 chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside (CP-8-O-glc)의 항혈소판 효과를 확인하고, 약리기전을 규명하고자 하였다. 콜라겐에 의한 혈소판 응집에 대하여 대황의 anthraquinone derivatives 중 CP-8-O-glc 의 효능이 가장 강하였고, 트롬빈, AA에 의한 혈소판 응집에 대해서도 CP-8-O-glc가 농도의존적으로 억제 효능을 나타내었다. CP-8-Oglc을 랫드에 경구투여하고 혈소판응집 억제효능을 ex vivo 모델에서 관찰한 결과, 투여군의 혈소판 응집 정도가 대조군보다 낮았다. 또한 마우스 in vivo 모델에서 출혈시간 지연도 관찰되었다. CP-8-O-glc 고농도 투여군 (100 mg/kg, 경구투여)에서는 aPTT의 지연이 관찰되었으나 내인계 응고인자의 활성에는 영향이 없었다. 그러나 내인계 응고단계의 조효소로서 작용하는 혈소판 phosphatidylserine (PS) 노출을 감소시키는 결과를 나타내므로, 혈소판 활성 및 응집을 억제하는 효능을 통해 혈소판 PS 노출을 감소시킴으로서 응고과정에 간접적인 효능을 나타내는 것으로 사료되었다. CP-8-O-glc 항혈소판 효과의 기전을 규명하기 위해 콜라겐에 의해 활성화된다고 알려져 있는 MAPKs, Akt, PKC을 관찰한 결과, 콜라겐 자극에 의해 활성이 증가된 ERK2, JNK1, Akt가 CP-8-O-glc에 의해 억제되었다. 그러나 콜라겐 자극에 의해 증가한 p38의 인산화는 CP-8-O-glc에 의해 아무런 영향을 받지 않았다. 또한 콜라겐에 의해 증가된 PKCε 활성이 PLCγ2, PI3K, ERK 억제제에 의해 감소되고 PKCε 억제제에 의해서는 Akt 활성만이 감소되는 것으로 볼 때, PKCε는 PLCγ2, ERK에 의해 활성이 조절되고 Akt 활성을 조절함을 확인하였다. 그리고 CP-8-O-glc는 PKCε의 활성화도 억제하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, ERK가 콜라겐에 의한 혈소판 응집에서 Akt, JNK1, PKCε의 상위 기전으로 작용하는 중요한 인자이고, CP-8-O-glc의 항혈소판 효과는 ERK 억제를 통해 나타남을 알 수 있었다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsI. INTRODUNTION 1

A. The role of platelets in cardiovascular diseases 1

B. Antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular diseases 1

C. Rhubarb and its components 2

D. The signaling molecules in collagen-induced platelet aggregation 3

E. Aims of study 5

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 6

1. Materials 6

2. Plant material 7

3. Extraction and isolation 7

4. Animals 8

5. Preparation of platelets 9

6. In vitro platelet aggregation study 10

7. Platelet secretion study (ATP release) 10

8. Determination of cytotoxicity 11

9. Ex vivo platelet aggregation study and anticoagulation assay 11

10. Measurement of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) formation 12

11. In vivo mice tail bleeding times 13

12. Measurement of platelet phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure 13

13. Western blot analysis 14

14. Immunoprecipitation and kinase assay 15

15. Statistical analysis 16

III. RESULTS 17

A. Dose-dependent inhibitory effect of rhubarb extract on platelet aggregation in vitro 17

B. Inhibitory effect of four anthraquinone derivatives on platelet aggregation in vitro 19

C. Inhibitory effect of chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside on in vitro and ex vivo platelet aggregation and in vivo mice bleeding time 22

D. Effect of chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside on coagulation 28

E. The activation of platelet intracellular signaling in collagen-induced platelet aggregation 32

F. Effect of inhibitors on collagen-induced activation of PLCγ2/MAPKs/Akt and platelet functional responses 34

G. The activation of PKC isoforms in collagen-induced platelet aggregation 39

H. Effect of PKCε inhibitor on collagen-induced activation of PLCγ2/MAPKs/Akt and platelet functional responses 41

I. Effect of chrysophanol-8-O-glc on platelet signaling pathway and functional responses 45

IV. DISCUSSION 50

V. CONCLUSION 55

REFERENCES 56
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dc.language.isoko-
dc.titleChrysophanol-8-O-glucoside Attenuates Platelet Activation Through Inhibiting MAPK and PKCε-
dc.title.alternativeChrysophanol-8-O-glucoside 의 항혈소판 효과 및 약리기전-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.identifier.urlhttp://dcoll.ajou.ac.kr:9080/dcollection/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000012955-
dc.subject.keywordChrysophanol-8-O-glucoside-
dc.subject.keywordantiplatelet-
dc.subject.keywordanthraquinone derivative-
dc.subject.keywordanticoagulant-
dc.description.degreeDoctor-
dc.contributor.department대학원 의생명과학과-
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor서, 은지-
dc.date.awarded2012-
dc.type.localTheses-
dc.citation.date2012-
dc.embargo.liftdate9999-12-31-
dc.embargo.terms9999-12-31-
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