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Differential gene expression in Behcet's disease and differential anti-tumor effects of Tim3 pathway blocking molecules

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dc.contributor.advisor박, 선-
dc.contributor.author우, 민영-
dc.date.accessioned2013-12-13T05:01:33Z-
dc.date.available2013-12-13T05:01:33Z-
dc.date.issued2013-
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ajou.ac.kr/handle/201003/8598-
dc.description.abstractPART I
Differential expression of genes according to colchicine responsiveness in Behçet’s disease Behçet disease (BD) is a chronic relapsing, systemic inflammatory disorder which is treated with colchicine. However, some patients are not responsive to it. In this study, I wanted to explore the biomarkers to distinguish colchicine responsiveness. I stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CD11b+ cells of BD patients with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and analyzed the expression of inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors and microRNAs. Compared to colchicine-responsive BD patients (BDR), the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased in colchicine-non-responsive BD patients (BDNR) in both the basal and LPS-stimulated states. Concordantly, the expression of C/EBPδ, C/EBPβ transactiption factor of IL-6, was significantly upregulated in BDNR compared to BDR. Also, the expression of ATF-3 transcript was significantly increased in BDR compared to BDNR. The link of dyregulation in these transcription factors to abnormal cytokine production in BD was also demonstrated. Finally, I found the differential expression of miR-638, miR-4488, miR-3591-3p in BD according to colchicine responsiveness. My results suggest that these molecules might be useful to predict colchicine responsiveness in BD.
PART II
Differential anti-tumor effects of three forms of Tim-3 pathway blocking molecules Tim-3 is a molecule containing T cell immunoglobulin variable region (IgV)-like domain and mucin-domain, and known to suppress Th-1 immune response. In a previous study, blocking Tim3 pathway increases anti-tumor immunity leading to tumor growth suppression. In this study, I evaluated the tumor suppressive effect of three different molecules blocking Tim3 pathway: Tim3 IgV like domain alone (Tim3V), fusion protein of Tim3V with mouse immunoglobulin CH2CH3 (Tim3VmIg) and its dimer (Tim3VdIg). Both TimVmIg and Tim3VdIg suppress tumor growth but T3V did not. Compared to control Tim3VdIg but not Tim3V reduced frequency of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in splenocytes of mice on 21 day after tumor challenge. These results indicate that Tim3V domain alone is not sufficient for tumor growth suppression but is in the presence of its fusion partner of immunoglobulin CH2CH3.
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dc.description.abstractPART I
베체트 병(BD)은 만성적이고 재발성이 높으며 전신적인 염증 질환으로 콜히친으로 치료한다. 하지만 몇몇 환자들은 콜히친에 의한 치료에 반응성을 보이지 않는다. 본 연구에서 콜히친 반응성을 구별할 수 있는 표지 인자를 찾고자 하였다. 베체트 병 환자의 말초혈액세포와 CD11b+ 세포에 지질다당류(lipopolysaccharide; LPS)를 자극한 후 염증성 사이토카인과 이를 조절하는 전사인자와 마이크로 RNA의 발현을 분석하였다. 콜히친에 반응성이 있는 BD 환자 (BDR)와 비교했을 때, IL-6와 TNF-α의 발현이 콜히친에 반응성이 없는 BD 환자 (BDNR)에서 LPS 자극에 상관없이 높았다. IL-6의 전사인자인 C/EBP-δ, C/EBP-β의 발현도 BDR에 비해 BDNR에서 높았다. 또한 전사인자 ATF3는 BDNR에 비해 BDR에서 높았다. 이러한 전사인자의 발현은 BD에서의 비정상적인 사이토카인의 발현을 설명해 준다. 마지막으로 콜히친 반응성에 따라 BD환자에서 miR-638, miR-4488와 miiR-3591-3p의 발현에서 차이가 있었다. 본 연구에서 이러한 분자들이 BD에서 콜히친 반응성을 예측하는데 유용할 수 있음을 보여준다.
PART II
Tim3는 T 세포 immunoglobulin variable region (IgV)-like domain and mucin-domain molecule (Tim)family에 속하는 분자로서 Th-1 면역반응을 억제한다고 알려져 있다. 이전 연구에서 Tim3 경로의 차단이 항 종양 면역반응을 증가시켜 종양 성장을 억제 시켰음을 확인했다. 본 연구에서 Tim3 경로를 차단하는 세 가지 형태의 분자들의 종양 억제 효과를 비교하였다. Tim IgV 도메인만을 발현하는 분자 (Tim3V), Tim3V에 마우스 immunoglobulin CH2CH3가 결합한 분자 (Tim3VmIg)와 이를 이량체로 발현하는 Tim3VdIg를 제작하였다. Tim3VmIg와 Tim3VdIg는 종양 성장을 억제 시켰지만 Tim3V는 그렇지 못했다. 대조군과 비교했을 때, 종양을 주사한지 21 일 째, 비장세포에서 Tim3VdIg는 골수에서 유래한 억제 세포 (myeloid derived suppressor cells; MDSCs)의 발현 빈도를 감소시켰지만 Tim3V는 그러하지 못했다. 이러한 결과는 Tim3V 만으로는 종양 성장 억제에 충분하지않음을 제시하며 Tim3V융합단백질이 종양 성장 억제 효과를 보이며 이는 MDSCs 발현 빈도와 관련있음을 제시한다.
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dc.description.tableofcontentsPART I

I. INTRODUCTION 1

A. Behçet’s disease 1

1. Clinical features 1

2. Diagnostic criteria 3

3. Epidemiology 4

4. Etiopathogenesis 5

5. Therapy 10

B. Transcription factors and microRNAs regulating proinflammatory cytokines expression 11

1. Transcription factors 11

2. MicroRNA 12

C. Purpose 13

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 15

A. MATERIALS 15

1. Subjects 15

2. Culture media 18

3. Reagents 18

4. Antibodies 18

5. Oligonucleotide 19

B. METHODS 19

1. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolation 19

2. Cell cultures 20

3. CD11b+ cell isolation 20

4. Western blotting 20

5. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay 20

6. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 21

7. siRNA transfection 21

8. RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis 21

9. Real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (Real-time RT PCR) 21

10. Construction of luciferase reporter vectors 21

11. Luciferase reporter assay 22

12. Statistics 22

III. RESULTS 26

A. Colchicine inhibits caspase-1 activation 26

B. Effect of colchicine on the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is dependent on the inflammatory stimulus and responsiveness to colchicine 28

C. Colchicine does not inhibit lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in PBMCs 31

D. Colchicine differentially regulates IL-1β transcription in BD PBMCs according to their colchicines responsiveness 33

E.Transcription factors regulating proinflammatory cytokine production are differentially expressed according to colchicines responsiveness 38

F. The principal cells abnormally expressing cytokines in BDNR are CD11b+ cells 42

G. The knocked-down effect of various transcription factors on expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in THP-1 cells 45

H. The differential effect of siRNA targeting C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ or ATF3 on the cytokine production in CD11b+ cells 48

I. The differential expression of micro RNAs in BD according to colchicine responsiveness 50

IV. DISCUSSION 56

V. CONCLUSION 63

REFERENCES 64

국문요약 79

PART II

I. INTRODUCTION 82

A.The TIM gene family 82

B. Tim3 83

1. Expression 83

2. Structure 83

3. Ligand 84

4. Function in T cell responses 85

5. Roles in tumor immunity 86

C. Roles of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) 87

D. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) 89

E. Purpose 90

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 91

A. MATERIALS 91

1. Mouse 91

2. Culture media 91

3. Antibodies 91

B. METHODS 92

1. Construction of expression vectors 92

2. Prodcution of recombinant lentiviruses 92

3. Expression of Tim3 pathway blocking molecules 92

4. Estabilishment of stable cells expressing Tim3 pathway blocking molecules 93

5. Measurement of cell growth rate 93

6. Evaluation of tumor growth 94

7. Tumor vaccination 94

8. Flow cytometric analysis of leukocyte subpopulation 94

III. RESULTS 96

A. The characterization of Tim3 pathway blocking molecules 96

B.The tumor growth of 3LL cells stably expressing Tim3 pathway blocking molecules 99

C. The therapeutic effects of 3LL cells stably expressing Tim3 pathway blocking molecules 101

D. The effect of Tim3 pathway blocking molecules on the frequency of MDSCs 103

IV. DISCUSSION 108

V. CONCLUSION 111

REFERENCES 112

국문요약 122
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dc.language.isoen-
dc.titleDifferential gene expression in Behcet's disease and differential anti-tumor effects of Tim3 pathway blocking molecules-
dc.title.alternative콜히친 반응성에 따른 베체트병 환자에서의 발현 유전자 차이와 Tim3 경로를 차단하는 분자들의 항 종양 효과 비교-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.identifier.urlhttp://dcoll.ajou.ac.kr:9080/dcollection/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000014776-
dc.subject.keywordBehçet’s disease-
dc.subject.keywordcolchicine-
dc.subject.keywordLPS-
dc.subject.keywordIL-6-
dc.subject.keywordTNF-α-
dc.subject.keywordC/EBP-β-
dc.subject.keywordC/EBP-δ-
dc.subject.keywordATF3-
dc.subject.keywordmicroRNA-
dc.subject.keywordTim3 pathway-
dc.subject.keywordtumor-
dc.subject.keywordMDSCs-
dc.subject.keywordTim3 경로 차단 분자-
dc.subject.keyword종양-
dc.subject.keywordmyeloid derived suppressor cells-
dc.description.degreeDoctor-
dc.contributor.department대학원 의생명과학과-
dc.contributor.affiliatedAuthor우, 민영-
dc.date.awarded2013-
dc.type.localTheses-
dc.citation.date2013-
dc.embargo.liftdate9999-12-31-
dc.embargo.terms9999-12-31-
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